Atom History Essay

An Atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense, central substance surrounded by a cloud of negatively perpetrationd electrons. The Atom was theorized by a man named Democritus of Abdera, Thrace in surrounded by c. a 460 BC ca. 370 B. C. Atom is derived from the Greek word pieceos , which means to be uncuttable. He had a theory that everything is composed of atoms, which he believed that these minuscule objects atomic number 18 indivisible, indestructible and have and always been in motion, had a void that exists betwixt atoms, they atomic number 18 solid, homogeneous, and differ in size, shape, mass, position, arrangement, etc.Democritus identified all of these qualities by using the analogies from our sense experiences. In the early 1800 John Dalton, a meteorologist/ colouration blindness physician, came up with his own atomic theory and The Dalton Model. Even though, the bringing close together of atoms were already proposed by Democritus, his theory was diffe rent in that it had the weight of careful measurements behind it. John Daltons Atomic supposition consisted of these facts All segments are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. Atoms of the corresponding elements are identical. The atoms of any unrivaled element are different from those of any other element.Atoms of different elements potful physically mix together or potty chemically desegregate with one another in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds Chemical reactions communicate when atoms are separated, joined, or rearranged. Atoms of one element, however, are ever changed into atoms of another element as a result of a chemical reaction. Important changes were rewrite from his theory like his atoms are indivisible which is wrong since atoms can be divided into subatomic particles like Protons,Neutrons, and Electrons. Next, is his theory that Atoms of all elements are the same, this is prove wrong by the discovery of isotopes.Lastly, his theory that elements cant be transformed into other elements, which is in addition proven wrong because elements can be changed into other elements through radioactivity. About less than 100 years later on after John Daltons findings, in 1897 Sir Joseph John J. J. Thomson, OM, FRS of big Britain received the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the electron and for The Thomsons atomic model. He assumed that the body of an atom is a globular object containing N electrons confined in homogeneous jellylike exclusively relatively massive positive charge distrisolelyion whose total charge cancels that of the N electrons.It was sometimes nicknamed as plum pudding model, because of its features as you can see below. Next great physicist that would step up to the plate and bow over world of Atoms, was The 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, also k directlyn as Ernest Rutherford OM, FRS. He was also awarded with a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908, just like Thomson did a couple deca des ago, for his investigations of the elements and discovery of the chemistry of radioactive substances. He proposed a model in which the electric charge +Ze in an atom is not distributed over the whole area of the atom but concentrates in a small area.Rutherfords atomic model is well-nigh likely called the Rutherford model or simply Rutherford model of the nuclear atom. It is to be seen to have a black big ball at the circle round as the core group and small red points moving around the magnetic core are electrons as seen below. In a long take out of the Bohr Family line as great physicists the most exemplary member in the authors judgment is Mr. Niels Bohr of Denmark. He took great advice from both great past physicists both J. J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford. Which also led him to win a Nobel Prize in Physicists in 1922. 1 of his best researches was for his Model of the Atom, commonly named The Bohr Model.In his version of the Model the neutrons and protons invade a dens e central region called the nucleus and the electrons orbit the nucleus much like planets orbiting the Sun. It is sometimes also called the planetary model because he theorized that the attractive gravitational force in a solar governing body and attractive electrical force surrounded by the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons in the atom are mathematically of the same form. As compared Below. V. S Another Great Austrian physicist in 1926 named Erwin Rudolf Joself horse parsley Schrodinger, also created his own view of Atom.He improved atomic models to a whole other level. Schrodinger used the new quantum theory to write and brighten a mathematical equation describing the location and energy of an electron in a Hydrogen atom. Thus the quantum mechanical model was born. His view of the atom can be seen as layers within layer in cost of the electron shells. While not an accurate physical picture of what is possibility with the electrons, it does allow to be visually grasp an otherwise concept. He says that severally electron shell is made of a number of sub-shells. ( the number of sub-shells in a shell depends on what the shell number is).In a picture it looks like this The last and final physicist in this Atomic Theory is named Sir James Chadwick, CH, FRS, of the United Kingdom. In 1932, Chadwick proved that the atomic nucleus contained a neutral particle which had been proposed more than a decade earlier by Ernest Rutherford but he added the knowledge that it has the same mass as a proton. Now with the Neutron added, the atomic model seemed more complete than ever. The overall charges remained the same, and now there no longer seemed to be a discrepancy between the atomic and the atomic number. Picture exampled below.