Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Essays -- Biology Health Medicine Papers

Wernickes Encephalopathy de further Carl Wernicke first described the syndrome in 1881. He referred to the disorder as subacute superior hemorrhagic polioencephalitis. Some of the original patients he described include two male alcoholics and a women with esophageal stenosis. He described a clinic triad of brain disease, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia. Unfortunately, most diagnoses are not made clinically but rather at autopsy. This suggests that the classic clinical triad is rare, or that clinicians do not properly recognize the symptoms. In some clinical studies, notwithstanding one third of patients diagnosed with Wernickes encephalopathy (WE) presented with the classical triad. The majority of the patients presented encephalopathy (characterized by disorientation, indifference, and inattentiveness). Ocular motor abnormalities (nystagmus, lateral rectus palsy, and conjugate gaze palsies) occurred in 96%, resulting from oculomotor, abducens, and vestibular nuclei lesions. Gait atax ia presented in 87%, in all likelihood referable to a combination of cerebellar and vestibular involvement as well as polyneuropathy. However, an autopsy-based study revealed that while 82% had mental spatial relation abnormalities only 23% had ataxia, 29% ocular motor abnormalities, and 11% polyneuropathy. The clinical triad was identified in only 17% of autopsy cases, and 19% showed none of the classic symptoms. This discrepancy between the clinical and autopsy-based studies is probably due to exclusion of atypical cases in the clinical series and the underestimation in the autopsy series of classic signs that were not properly elicited, recognized, or enter (1). At autopsy the characteristic lesions of WK occur primarily in nuclei and structures border the thi... ...e), 8 (2)107-113. 6. Butterworth, R. F., Pathophysiology of Cerebellar Dysfunction in the Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome. Canad. J. Neuroscien., 1993 (May), 20 suppl. 3 sl23-126. 7. Parkin, A. J., Dunn, J. C., Lee, C., OHara, P. F., Nissbaum, L. Neuropsychological Sequelae of Wernickes Encephalopathy in a 20-Year-Old Woman selective Impairment of a Frontal computer memory System. brilliance Cognition, 1993 (Jan), 21(1) 1-19 8. Halliday, G., Ellis, J., Harper, C. The Locus Coeruleus and Memory A Study of Chronic Alcoholics With and Without the Memory Impairment of Korsakoffs Syndrome. Brain Research, 1992 (Dec), 598 33-37. 9. Halliday, G., Ellis, J., Heard, R., Caine, D., Harper, C. Brainstem Serotonergic Neurons in Chronic Alcoholics With and Without the Memory Impairment of Korsakoffs Psychosis. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 1993 (Nov), 52(6)567-579.